The reversal in fertility could represent a temporary fluctuation in marriage age or, less likely, a decrease in the steady rate of contraceptive use. During the year the ICRC hosted training sessions on human rights standards related to arrest, detention, and interrogation procedures for judicial police from the DGSN and National Gendarmerie, as well as for judges. Pursuant to the constitution, all parties must have a national base. The electoral law adopted by parliament in 2016 requires parties to have received 4 percent of the vote in the preceding election or to collect 250 signatures in the electoral district in order to appear on the ballot. Coercion in Population Control: There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization. UNHCR, the World Food Program (WFP), UNICEF, the Algerian Red Crescent, the Sahrawi Red Crescent, and other organizations assisted Sahrawi refugees. The NGOs reported harassment and threats of imprisonment by government authorities. Since the subdivision With lower oil prices since 2014, Algerias foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. The Committee on the Application of Standards at the International Labor Conference in June requested the government to reinstate employees that the committee determined were fired based on antiunion discrimination and to process expeditiously pending trade union registration applications. President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. The law additionally prohibits local periodicals from receiving direct or indirect material support from foreign sources. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported during the year that following suppression of public activities in years past, they no longer hold events outside of private locations. According to Belhouchet, the government has a monopoly on advertising that it uses to punish those who criticize the government and thus, weakens freedom of expression. FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 12, dated 2007-06-11, showed the new provinces. Defamation laws specify that former members of the military who make statements deemed to have damaged the image of the military or to have harmed the honor and respect due to state institutions may face prosecution. Overuse of pretrial detention remained a problem. He declared, with considerable accuracy, that Algeria was not a French province but an Arab country, a European colony, and a French camp. This attitude aroused certain hopes among Algerians, but they were destroyed by the emperors downfall in 1870. The law requires that a minimum level of essential public services must be maintained during public-sector service strikes, and the government has broad legal authority to requisition public employees. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. ICRC staff visited prisons, and police and gendarme stations under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice, and an administrative detention center operated by the Ministry of Interior. After violent clashes between Ibadis in Ghardaia and security forces, Fekhar wrote a letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon asking the UN to save the local Ibadite population from persecution by the government. The law defines defamation as any allegation or imputation of a fact offending the honor or consideration of a person, or of the body to which the fact is imputed. The law does not require that the fact alleged or imputed be false or that the statement be made with malicious intent to damage another individuals reputation. now more prevalent in English (and French). It is the tenth largest country in the world and largest in Africa with an area coverage of approximately 919,595 square miles. ), $5.574 billion (2019 est. )expenditures: 70.2 billion (2017 est. Local elections took place in November 2021. names. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. Although ANEP said in September that it represented only 19 percent of the total advertising market, nongovernmental sources assessed the majority of daily newspapers depended on ANEP-authorized advertising to finance their operations. Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. The report noted the refugee population included Syrians, (an estimated 85 percent), Yemenis, Congolese, Ivoirians, Palestinians, Malians, Central Africans, and other nationalities. WebDeputy Secretaries of State. The resulting division was as shown below. In September 2017 Algerian National Front party leader Moussa Touati stated that his party paid bribes in order to secure its single seat in parliament. )methane emissions: 49.94 megatons (2020 est. For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. Unions have the right to form and join federations or confederations, and the government recognized four confederations. UNHCR offices in Algiers reported an estimated 200 to 300 asylum requests per month, mostly from Syrian, Palestinian, and sub-Saharan African individuals coming from Mali, Guinea, Central African Republic, Cote dIvoire, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). More than 100,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf. provinces. Furthermore, all public demonstrations, including protests and strikes, must receive prior government authorization. The facilities were located in Sidi Fredj. Judges found to have ordered an unlawful detention could be subject to penalties or prosecution. A tripartite social pact among business, government, and the official union established the national minimum wage of DZD 18,000 ($153) per month in 2012. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. Many place names were changed. They also report that owners of public gathering spaces have been told not to rent their locations to certain NGOs. Abdelkader Kouafi, the National Autonomous Union of Sonelgaz Gas and Electricity Workers secretary-general, and Slimane Benzine, president of the National Federation of Internal Security Workers, were sentenced to imprisonment and fines for objecting to poor conditions of work and to the sexual harassment of women workers. )2.42% (2020 est. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. The repatriations were conducted in coordination with consular officials from the countries of origin of the migrants, but the migrants were not permitted to challenge their removal. According to statistics provided in September, the Ministry of Justices General Directorate for Prison Administration and Resettlement (DGAPR) had responsibility for approximately 63,000 prisoners. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. A detainee has the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention, and if released, seek compensation from the government. Their names were Alger (English: Algiers), ), fossil fuels: 98.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. were ill-defined. In most cases, the NGOs continued to hold their meetings and police came to the hotels to end the gatherings. Foreign observers characterized the 2017 legislative elections as largely well organized and conducted without significant problems on election day, but noted a lack of transparency in vote-counting procedures. International Child Abductions: The country is not a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Status of Government Respect for Religious The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Monitoring and enforcement practices for child labor were inconsistent and hampered by an insufficient number of inspectors to examine the formal and informal economy. He appealed to the Constitutional Council without result. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. In September the Ministry of Communication stated there were 268 accredited written publications. )from consumed natural gas: 93.414 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Organizations wishing to initiate regular publications must obtain authorization from the government. There were no known reports of workers dismissed for removing themselves from hazardous working conditions. translate the Arabic "baladiyah," but they're essentially the same thing.). 1962-07-01: Algeria became independent from France. Italy 13%, France 13%, Spain 12%, United States 7%, United Kingdom 7%, India 5%, South Korea 5% (2019), crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, ammonia (2019), $44.322 billion (2021 est.) Foreign observers from the African Union, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and Arab League characterized the elections as largely well organized and conducted without significant problems on election day. He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. The law established a national council to address childrens issues, gives judges authority to remove children from an abusive home, and allows sexually abused children to provide testimony on video rather than in court. Nationwide, the government required citizens and organizations to obtain permits from the national government-appointed local governor before holding public meetings or demonstrations. The government said that it closed 11 facilities and opened one new facility to improve prison conditions in the last year but argued that they have alleviated overcrowding by increasing the use of minimum-security centers that permit prisoners to work and by using electronic monitoring. 1983-12-15: Thirty-one departments re-organized to form 48 provinces (as shown in the first table). Of the daily printed publications, the ministry stated six were state-operated. )proven reserves: 59 million metric tons (2019 est. )-5.1% (2020 est. Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. )consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. The law requires all civil associations to apply for operating permission, and at years end several major civil associations remained unrecognized but tolerated. The Ministry of Labor audited 218 organizations and found that 89 companies did not respect the 1-percent quota. Illegal migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe. departments of France. During a media interview, Omar Belhouchet, the editor ofEl Watan, an independent daily newspaper, said that media companies self-censor regarding certain topics. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for organizing the election and voting processes. In these cases, authorities permit the arrested person to contact a lawyer after half of the extended time has expired. Jeune Afriqueonline remained available. Opposition party leaders complained that the government did not provide timely authorizations to hold rallies or party congresses. The person must submit an application for compensation within six months of the dismissal or acquittal. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women said 60 percent of the recipients of government microcredit loans for small businesses were women. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. Various international humanitarian organizations and observers criticized the operations, citing unacceptable conditions of transport, primarily on the Niger side of the border, and what they described as a lack of coordination among the Algerian Red Crescent, the government of Niger, and the Red Cross of Niger. It can be divided on the basis of language or sometimes other cultural characteristics also play a The information collected is used to assist the government in developing targeted programs to support and protect women in vulnerable situations, including violence. The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a forensic physician for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered incapacitated the victim for 15 days. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. The law permits polygamy only upon the agreement of the previous and future wife, and the determination of a judge as to the husbands financial ability to support an additional wife. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. Although several total petroleum systems may exist within the Illizi Province, only one composite total petroleum system is identified. John Paxton, ed. There were reports that authorities held some detainees without access to their lawyers and reportedly abused them physically and mentally. In addition, some religious elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of movement. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. The average woman's age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s. )percent of population: 63% (2020 est. However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. Newspapers reported that the government restricted foreign tourists from traveling through trails in Tassili and Hoggar, as well as certain areas in and around Tamanrasset, due to security concerns. Some observers, including government-appointed human rights officials, attributed overcrowding in pretrial detention facilities to continued overuse of pretrial detention, despite reforms in 2015 that sought to reduce the practice. The standard workweek was 40 hours, including one hour for lunch per day. Arabic: al-Jumhuriya al-Jazairiya ad-Dimuqratiya ash-Shabiya (formal), Dutch: Algerije, Democratische Volksrepubliek Algerije (formal), English: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria (formal), Norwegian: Den demokratiske folkerepublikk Algerie (formal) (Bokml), Den demokratiske folkerepublikken Algerie (formal) (Nynorsk), Algerie, Russian: , (formal), Turkish: Cezayir Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (formal), Bchar: after Wadi Bashshar, possibly from Arabic, Bjaa: ethnic name, possibly from Arabic, Constantine: rebuilt in 311 by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, El Oued: = the Wadi (intermittent stream), Stif: ancient Sitifi, possibly from Berber. Judges rarely refused prosecutorial requests to extend pretrial detention. Women suffered from discrimination in inheritance claims and were entitled to a smaller portion of an estate than male children or a deceased husbands brothers. Prison sentences for rape range from five to 10 years, and authorities generally enforced the law. It reported the discovery of four minorsdown from 12 the year before. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. Other organizations reported they never received any written response to their application request even after calling the ministry and trying to register at local police stations. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings, c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence. Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Abdelaziz Bouteflika for a fourth term. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 legislative elections led the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Algeria, An official website of the United States Government. The government maintained undue media influence and opposition political parties claimed they did not have access to public television and radio. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women reported that it ran 238 centers throughout the country that provided support for persons with intellectual, auditory, vision, and physical disabilitiesdown from 242 the previous year. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. the ANP has played a large role in the countrys politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKAs election in According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. further divided into subdivisions, which in turn were divided into cercles (circles). An Defla split from Chlef; An Tmouchent split from Sidi Bel Abbs; Bordj Bou Arrridj split from Stif; The DGAPR separates vulnerable persons but provides no consideration for sexual orientation. Since 1975, Algeria also has been the main recipient of Sahrawi refugees from the ongoing conflict in Western Sahara (today part of Morocco). )investment in inventories: 11.2% (2017 est. WebAlgiers Province ( Arabic: , Wilyat al-Jazir, [wilaja aldazair]; French: wilaya d'Alger or province d'Alger) is a province ( wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, Nevertheless, the law prohibits unions from associating with political parties and receiving funds from foreign sources. On July 13, the Ministry of Justice removed a public prosecutor and his deputy from a court in Boudouaou for their alleged involvement in the legal proceedings following the discovery of 701 kilograms of cocaine in the port of Oran on May 29. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO province code. Unlicensed NGOs remained active, but rarely received government assistance, and citizens at times hesitated to associate with these organizations. The government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger. The law permits unions to affiliate with international labor bodies and develop relations with foreign labor groups. [2] Masson, Jean-Louis. The Islamic State Algeria Province After kidnapping a 55-year-old French mountaineering guide, Herv Gourdel, the group stated in a video on 22 September 2014, that the kidnapping was a fulfilling of an order of IS spokesman al-'Adnani to attack citizens of Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. The law does not extend antidiscrimination protections to LGBTI persons based on of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics. Administration: Authorities conducted investigations into allegations of mistreatment and took administrative actions against officers it deemed to have committed abuses. Libel/Slander Laws: NGOs and observers criticized the law on defamation as vaguely drafted and said the definitions in the law failed to comport with internationally recognized norms. Protests broke out across the country in late February 2019 against President BOUTEFLIKAs decision to seek a fifth term. York, 1991. In September a group of military veterans organized a protest in Algiers, prompting a crackdown by authorities. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.5% (2021 est. There was a census on If domestic violence results in death, a judge can prescribe a life sentence. According to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African countries. Arabic al-Jazairiya from capital city Algiers, which comes from Arabic al-jaza`ir: the islands, for four of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and the Status of Women provided some financial support to health-care-oriented NGOs, but for many NGOs, such financial support represented a small fraction of their budgets. Authorities also use summonses to notify and require the accused and the victim to attend a court proceeding or hearing. ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. Most major opposition parties lost seats in the elections, and several parties claimed the results were significantly altered by fraud. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two LGBTI status is not, in itself, criminalized; however, LGBTI persons may face criminal prosecution under legal provisions concerning prostitution, public indecency, and associating with bad characters. The government did not adequately enforce the law, since discrimination reportedly existed, specifically against migrant workers in the informal economy who lacked a legal means to address unfair working conditions. By law, children born to a Muslim father are Muslim, regardless of the mothers religion. ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. Birth registration: The mother or father may transmit citizenship and nationality. Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government, Section 5. The constitution grants the president authority to appoint all prosecutors and judges. 134, the departments united the civil and military territories, strengthening the )20.4% of GDP (2016 est. These shelters assisted with approximately 220 cases of violence against women during the year. The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. Security forces dispersed political opposition rallies and interfered with the right to organize. Detainees Ability to Challenge Lawfulness of Detention before a Court: The Code of Criminal Procedure grants the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention. The majority of the ministrys programs for children with disabilities remained in social centers for children with disabilities rather than in formal educational institutions. ), potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables, petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing, agriculture: 10.8%industry: 30.9%services: 58.4% (2011 est. Notably, terrorists killed seven soldiers in an ambush on July 30 in Skikda. The government said it did not take measures to specifically prevent and treat HIV/AIDS in the LGBTI community. Webthe machine that won the war irony; Select Page.

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