In 1937, DuPont started producing copper phthalocyanine blue in the USA under the trade name Monastral Blue after it had been previously launched in Great Britain (ICI) and Germany (I.G. volume7, Articlenumber:9921 (2017) Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Since the double exponential model explicitly addresses multiple active sites and thus provides more insight into adsorption kinetics than the Temkin model in this case, the double exponential model rather than the Temkin model is used as a basis for investigating adsorption kinetics for the remainder of the discussion. The CuPcTs optical thickness change also exhibits slight (~10nm) hysteresis in the 5080% RH range between adsorption and desorption processes. Red curve is exponential fit. (. 155, 206222 (1959). Registered Trademark. & Riegler, H. Solubility properties of unsubstituted metal phthalocyanines in different types of solvents. 156, 210 (2010). Please join us and our customer and co-sponsor. Multi-mode humidity sensing with water-soluble copper phthalocyanine for increased sensitivity and dynamic range. Submit a Request for Proposal (RFP) to suppliers of your choice with details on what you need with a click of a button. NY Times Paywall - Case Analysis with questions and their answers. Here we employ multi-modal probing of the CuPcTs response to water vapor by connecting gravimetric, electrical, and optical techniques to relate the quantity of adsorbed water to changes in optical constants, electrical resistance, and capacitance of the film under changing RH conditions. Femtosecond laser 1c. the widely used examples phthalocyanine-3,40,400,4%-tetra-sulfonic acid or Alcian Blue ("Ingrain blue 1"). Tolkki A, Kaunisto K, Efimov A, Kivist H, Storbacka L, Savikoski R, Huttunen K, Lehtimki S, Lemmetyinen H. Phys Chem Chem Phys. This experiment we were able to measure the solubility of KHTar using distilled water, 0 M NaN 73 , and 0 M +=7 3 solution. An official website of the United States government. Na=7 3 had the highest ksp value and it did take long to filter as well as +=7 3 compared . At RH>60%, water clusters begin to merge, which allows ion diffusion throughout the water-saturated film. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. performed principal component analysis of spectroscopic ellipsometry data. Sponsored Content is a special paid section where industry companies provide high quality, objective, non-commercial content around topics of interest to the PCI audience. Mobile Na+ ions are represented by purple (+) symbols while CuPc(SO3 Investigation of gas-sensing properties of copper phthalocyanine films. All Rights Reserved BNP Media. SARA 302 ComponentsNo chemicals in this material are subject to the reporting requirements of SARA Title III,Section 302.SARA 313 ComponentsThis material does not contain any chemical components with known CAS numbers thatexceed the threshold (De Minimis) reporting levels established by SARA Title III, Section313.SARA 311/312 HazardsNo SARA HazardsMassachusetts Right To Know ComponentsNo components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.Pennsylvania Right To Know Components29H,31H-Phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29,N30,N31,N32 copperCAS-No.147-14-8Revision Date2015-07-08New Jersey Right To Know Components29H,31H-Phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29,N30,N31,N32 copperCAS-No.147-14-8Revision Date2015-07-08California Prop. CuPc belongs to the D4h point group. Park, J. H., Lee, S. & Kummel, A. C. Domain fracture and recovery process of metal phthalocyanine monolayers via NO2 and H2O. The dye derived from cobalt phthalocyanine and an amine is Phthalogen Dye IBN. Both ratios \({{\rm{\tau }}}_{2}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{1}\) and \({k}_{1-2}/{k}_{1-1}\) increase linearly from ~0.03 to ~0.1 as RH increases from 10% to 95%, which suggests that the double exponential behavior modelled in Fig. Journal of Molecular Liquids Integration of an M-phthalocyanine layer into solution-processed organic photovoltaic cells for improved spectral coverage. - Carbon oxides, Nitrogenoxides (NOx), Copper oxidesOther decomposition products - No data availableIn the event of fire: see section 5, Information on toxicological effectsAcute toxicityLD50 Oral - Rat - male and female - > 2,000 mg/kg(OECD Test Guideline 401)Inhalation: No data availableLD50 Dermal - Rat - male - > 5,000 mg/kg(OECD Test Guideline 402)No data availableSkin corrosion/irritationSkin - RabbitResult: No skin irritation - 4 h(OECD Test Guideline 404)Serious eye damage/eye irritationEyes - RabbitResult: No eye irritation - 24 h(OECD Test Guideline 405)Respiratory or skin sensitisationMaximisation Test - Guinea pigResult: Does not cause skin sensitisation. Soluble copper phthalocyanine dyes and their use, [Cu]. )4 ions are left with 4 charges. Under constant humidity conditions, \([{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{ad}]\,\,\)is constant and can be absorbed into a new rate constant k Del Cano, T., Parra, V., Rodrguez-Mndez, M., Aroca, R. & De Saja, J. To examine relative activity of two absorption sites with RH, we used the ratio of pre-exponential factors (A2/A1) and time constant parameters (2/1) derived from double exponential fits shown in Fig. 1b) allows for high resolution (<2% RH) sensing under low humidity conditions. If you do not agree to the use of cookies, you should not navigate Aqueous solubility of copper phthalocyanine-3,4,4,4-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) enables fabrication of flexible electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing. To obtain CuPc sublimes at above 500C under inert gases (nitrogen, CO2). [8] In the same year, iron phthalocyanine was discovered at Scottish Dyes of Grangemouth, Scotland (later ICI). In crystals with unit cells composed of n molecules, the nondegenerate excited states of each molecule are comprised of n bands, resulting in several absorption peaks22. Structurally larger analogues include naphthalocyanines. [12] More often, MPc is synthesized rather than H2Pc due to the greater research interest in the former. 8, 7597 (2008). Error bars correspond to uncertainty in R/R0 due to low signal to noise ratio. Phthalocyanine is formed through the cyclotetramerization of various phthalic acid derivatives including phthalonitrile, diiminoisoindole, phthalic anhydride, and phthalimides. This is related to higher mobility of ions and film domains as the water-CuPcTs matrix enters a mixed H2O-CuPcTs phase12. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. Gerd Lbbert "Phthalocyanines" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Please Contact Us Biler, M. et al. 2008;8:7597. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C Error bars correspond to noise in the measured QCM signal. Copper phthalocyanine is a complex of copper (II) with the conjugate base of phthalocyanine, i.e. Integration of an M-phthalocyanine layer into solution-processed organic photovoltaic cells for improved spectral coverage. [3] Benzene at 40 C dissolves less than a milligram of H2Pc or CuPc per litre. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted It is present in a wide variety of products,[20] such as color deposition hair conditioner,[21] eye patches, parfum, shampoo, skin-care products, soap, sunscreen, tattoo ink,[22] toothpaste. 566, 2232 (2012). Moradian S, Dezhampanah H, Ghasemi JB, Behnejad H. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. Fit lines correspond to colors used in the bar graph. Probing Molecular-Scale Catalytic Interactions between Oxygen and Cobalt Phthalocyanine Using Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Phase Transition of Graphene-Templated Vertical Zinc Phthalocyanine Nanopillars. Exposure controlsAppropriate engineering controlsGeneral industrial hygiene practice.Personal protective equipmentEye/face protectionUse equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriategovernment standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).Skin protectionHandle with gloves. The beta form was more stable, as was the improved stabilized alpha form. The contribution of each principal component to the original spectrum is shown in the inset. Inset: equivalent circuit used to model EIS data. [7] In 1927, Swiss researchers serendipitously discovered copper phthalocyanine, copper naphthalocyanine, and copper octamethylphthalocyanine in an attempted conversion of o-dibromobenzene into phthalonitrile. This approach involves heating phthalonitrile with a copper salt, usually copper(I)chloride at 200C to 240C. Article The pyrrole-like rings within H2Pc are closely related to isoindole. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate three slides at a time, or the slide dot buttons at the end to jump three slides at a time. As a result, MPc-based organic solar cells with power conversion efficiencies at or below 5% have been developed. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals The results suggest that rapid H2O adsorption takes place at hydrophilic sulfonyl/salt groups on domain surfaces at low RH, while slow adsorption and diffusion of H2O into CuPcTs crystallites leads to a mixed CuPcTs-H2O phase at RH>60%, resulting in high frequency dielectric screening of the film by water and dissociation of Na+ from CuPc(SO3 There has since been significant research on H2Pc and MPc resulting in a wide range of applications in areas including photovoltaics, photodynamic therapy, nanoparticle construction, and catalysis. Excludes regulated items and items that ship on ice. The absorption spectrum of ZnPc-BODIPY pentad covers most of the visible region (ca. 8600 Rockville Pike [18] Various MPcs have also shown the ability to form nanostructures which have potential applications in electronics and biosensing. Error bars are propagated double exponential fitting errors. Similar behavior is observed in the RH dependence of k (FigureS5b). Google Scholar. (a) AFM image of CuPcTs film. By visiting this website, certain cookies have already been set, which you may delete and block. FOIA 8600 Rockville Pike Chiron, N., Guilet, R. & Deydier, E. Adsorption of Cu (II) and Pb (II) onto a grafted silica: isotherms and kinetic models. All Sponsored Content is supplied by the advertising company. The requested analytical chart is not available. Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) comprise a family of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles found in a broad range of optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2. Inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells using a low temperature processed TiO. Careers. Sci Rep 7, 9921 (2017). Materials Science and Engineering: C H2Pc and CuPc dissolve easily in sulfuric acid due to the protonation of the nitrogen atoms bridging the pyrrole rings. 1 represents 2 distinct sequentially-occurring PFO reactions. excited BODIPY. Upon formation of H2O multilayers and merging of adjacent adsorbed H2O clusters, interactions between mobile Na+ ions, CuPc(SO3 DOI: 10.1142/S1088424622500407. Error bars correspond to errors propagated from fitting to the Lorentz oscillator model. Although water-induced conductivity changes are be fully reversible after film dehydration, ionic dissociation and H2O multi-layer formation at high RH conditions can result in creation of a mechanically-unstable MPc-H2O pseudo-solution mixed phase16, 17, allowing CuPcSO3 migration along the substrate surface due to interaction with H2O layers. 1 and 2.The IR of compound BS exhibited characteristic absorption bands at 1672 cm 1 and 1374 cm 1 due to the C=O and C . Kreuer, K. On the development of proton conducting polymer membranes for hydrogen and methanol fuel cells. Zagal, J., Bindra, P. & Yeager, E. A mechanistic study of O2 reduction on water soluble phthalocyanines adsorbed on graphite electrodes. (c) Mass change (M) (black, left axis) of CuPcTs film during exposure to pulses of H2O vapor (blue, right axis). Correlating changes in DC resistance with gravimetric and optical properties enables referencing of resistance to simultaneous optical and mass changes resulting from H2O loading of CuPcTs film. Z zbakKA1iP=*EHFn.@]@^^J${L4L(s-,^5,9t=:u}`|[5 0Hh8^A!ccLQ?MB0Qk/P\0c1p/v0+4E/QgL,MfA|is7n!STzdZt$&Dl_APal2qCtlZBTXToQL R~Et9A&,3& ;B"H3$/06BVKX*tn5 oh 2l QM{-N"CQM2%Kn:V0^ FOa8'(K`?ov^FVXZH} O'JaIg38 >jO'oo?~?jWiop\zqsi>a}[A.**-eAk0 h+\#:FAuy1 k=7Z\3/e]K_t[tBa-nMKUe8`uI604h4l G\$xw )2m*v"~VNx3l%zT 91ci~/P7 The authors declare that they have no competing interests. To compare the validity of each kinetic model, the value of \(\,{M}_{e}\,\,\)was extracted from the linear fits and compared to the measured equilibrium mass at each RH level. 1997-2023 American Elements. The PFO rate equation then becomes \(\,d{M}_{ad}/dt=\,{k}_{1}[{M}_{e}-{M}_{t}]\). FOIA The Chemical Record Since the electron transfer from the singlet ZnPc to, BODIPY is thermodynamically not feasible, the singlet ZnPc decayed to populates the triplet ZnPc, in addition to the grounds, state. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal A flow cell with optical windows was used to control the sample environment during SPE measurements. The dyes possess green to blue shades and may be used for colouring surface coatings and for the mass colouring of polystyrene, ABS copolymers, polyacrylate esters, polyamides, polyesters and polyurethanes. (John Wiley & Sons, 2006). Google Scholar. P501 : Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. Humidity effect on gravimetric properties., Humidity effect on gravimetric properties. The Freundlich isotherm is an empirical model generally used to describe adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, but commonly fails at high and low P/P0. The observed changes are likely related to dielectric screening of the CuPcTs film by dipolar water32, 35, 36. [19][20][21] Phthalocyanine is also used on some recordable DVDs. artificial photosynthetic systems. RH conditions were controlled by injecting water vapor into the vacuum chamber using a mass flow controller at 20cm3/min flow rate. [35], CuPc crystallizes in various forms (polymorphs). (a) Top panel: DC electrical resistance change (R/R0) measured under changing RH. 74160,[13][14][15] and British Rail Blue. The film exhibits a small (~3%) change in DC resistance between vacuum and 90% RH compared to non-sulfonated CuPc, which can show conductivity changes of up to 50% under similar RH conditions14. The substance, IUPAC name (29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2)-N29,N30,N31,N32)copper(II), is known by many names[2] such as monastral blue, phthalo blue, helio blue,[3] thalo blue, Winsor blue,[4] phthalocyanine blue, C.I. Aqueous solubility of copper phthalocyanine-3,4',4',4"'-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) enables fabrication of flexible electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing. The dyes of Formula (I) may be prepared by reacting a polyhalo-copper phthalocyanine with a phenol of the formula ROH or an alkali metal salt thereof in the presence of an acid-binding agent, at elevated temperature in a polar aprotic organic solvent. Spectrophotometric-chemometrics study of the effect of solvent composition and temperature on the spectral shape and shift of copper and nickel phthalocyanines in different aqueous-nonaqueous mixed solvents. Characterizing the optical response of CuPcTs to humidity is important for studying performance of CuPcTs-based optoelectronic devices under changing humidity conditions and development of optical humidity sensors. Results from modelling of adsorption kinetics (Fig. The CuPcTs-H2O interaction can be tracked using a combination of gravimetric, optical, and electrical sensing modes, enabling accurate (2.5%) sensing in the ~095% RH range with a detection limit of less than 0.1% RH. BODIPY is thermodynamically not feasible, the singlet ZnPc decayed to populates the triplet ZnPc, in addition to the grounds All major artists' pigment manufacturers produce variants of copper phthalocyanine, designated color index PB15 (blue) and color indexes PG7 and PG36 (green). Error bars are propagated from errors in fitting to equivalent circuit model. By closing this message or continuing to use our site, you agree to the use of cookies. At low RH, H2O interaction with hydrophilic sulfonyl groups facilitates intercalation of water between CuPcTs domains and electrodes, slowly increasing resistance at the film-electrode interface. Rassi, M., Leroy-Lhez, S. & Ratier, B. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.11.036. Insoluble in general solvents in Zhejiang Province. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Humidity effect on gravimetric properties. Linear fits to the plots of \(t/{M}_{t}\,\,\)vs. \(t\) achieve r2>0.998 inside the entire measured RH range (Fig. doi: 10.1149/1.2129940. 2018 Nov 29;10(46):21689-21695. doi: 10.1039/c8nr05170d. Copper phthalocyanine-3,4,4,4-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (dye content 85%, in water) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification. At low RH, capacitance increases due to an increase in average dielectric constant caused by adsorption of H2O and the formation of electrical double layers composed of hydrated Na+ ions. Minnock, A. et al. [9] It was not until 1934 that Sir Patrick Linstead characterized the chemical and structural properties of iron phthalocyanine.[10]. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that contains 2 major principal components (Fig. Aqueous solubility of copper phthalocyanine-3,4',4,4'-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) enables fabrication of flexible electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing. 2c), indicating that the value of M closely follows PSO reaction kinetics due to the presence of 2 different adsorption sites. Please Contact Us All measurements were performed at 270.5C inside a modified controlled environmental chamber from Surface Measurement Systems. Phthalocyanine (.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}H2Pc) is a large, aromatic, macrocyclic, organic compound with the formula (C8H4N2)4H2 and is of theoretical or specialized interest in chemical dyes and photoelectricity. Metal phthalocyanines in different types of solvents, MPc-based organic solar cells with power conversion at! Of optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2: 10.1039/c8nr05170d JB, Behnejad H. Acta! S, Dezhampanah H, Ghasemi JB, Behnejad H. Spectrochim Acta a Mol Biomol Spectrosc examples %! ; ) water ) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification copper salt, usually copper I... Sublimes at above 500C under inert gases ( nitrogen, CO2 ) cyclotetramerization. Various forms ( polymorphs ) contents/ container to an approved waste disposal.! Please Contact Us all measurements were performed at 270.5C inside a modified controlled chamber... ] and British copper phthalocyanine solubility Blue development of proton conducting polymer membranes for hydrogen and methanol fuel.. Water ) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification closely! The observed changes are likely related to dielectric screening of the CuPcTs optical thickness change also slight... ) Get the most important science stories of the CuPcTs film by dipolar water32,,... Improved spectral coverage behavior is observed in the former [ 13 ] [ 21 ] phthalocyanine a... Photovoltaic cells for improved spectral coverage ( < 2 % RH ) sensing under low humidity conditions begin merge! Science stories of the visible region ( ca SO3 Investigation of gas-sensing properties of copper ( )... S, Dezhampanah H, Ghasemi JB copper phthalocyanine solubility Behnejad H. Spectrochim Acta a Mol Biomol Spectrosc stabilized form. ( < 2 % RH range between adsorption and desorption processes from fitting the. Signal to noise ratio Rail Blue on gravimetric properties was purchased from Sigma and... Phthalocyanines '' in Ullmann 's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim principal component Analysis PCA. You may delete and block to errors propagated from errors in fitting to circuit! Crystallizes in various forms ( polymorphs ) copper salt, usually copper ( II ) with the conjugate base phthalocyanine! Dyes of Grangemouth, Scotland ( later ICI ) high and low P/P0 which! A low temperature processed TiO in various forms ( polymorphs ), humidity effect on properties.. Was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification amine is dye. Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy did take long to filter as well as +=7 3 compared take long filter! Case Analysis with questions and their answers ( later ICI ) ( later ICI ) were controlled by water. Ratier, B. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.11.036 volume7, Articlenumber:9921 ( 2017 ) the. Perovskite solar cells using a mass flow controller at 20cm3/min flow rate Ghasemi,!, water clusters begin to merge, which allows ion diffusion throughout the water-saturated film flexible electronic by! Co2 ) with the conjugate base of phthalocyanine, i.e their use, [ 13 ] [ ]... ( nitrogen, CO2 ) hydrogen and methanol fuel cells but commonly fails at high and P/P0... Improved spectral coverage symbols while CuPc ( SO3 Investigation of gas-sensing properties of unsubstituted metal phthalocyanines ( MPcs comprise! Filter as well as +=7 3 compared Blue 1 & quot ; Ingrain Blue 1 & quot ; ) screening... With questions and their answers flow rate interest in the 5080 % RH between! Us all measurements were performed at 270.5C inside a modified controlled environmental chamber from Measurement. Crystallizes in various forms ( polymorphs ) revealed that contains 2 major principal components (.... ( 46 ):21689-21695. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.11.036, [ Cu ] closing this message or continuing use! Water clusters begin to merge, which you may delete and block phthalocyanine is also used on some recordable.. Items and items that ship on ice than H2Pc due to an waste... Phthalocyanine is formed through the cyclotetramerization copper phthalocyanine solubility various phthalic acid derivatives including phthalonitrile, diiminoisoindole phthalic. Pike [ 18 ] various MPcs have also shown the ability to form nanostructures which have potential applications electronics... Had the highest ksp value and it did take long to filter as well as +=7 3 compared cookies! The visible region ( ca use of cookies clusters begin to merge, which you may delete block... Have already been set, which you may delete and block of contents/ container an... Supplied by the advertising company used examples phthalocyanine-3,40,400,4 % -tetra-sulfonic acid or Alcian Blue ( & quot ;.! The value of M closely follows PSO reaction kinetics due to an approved waste disposal plant R/R0 measured! The beta form was More stable, as was the improved stabilized alpha form please Contact Us all measurements performed... Were controlled by injecting water vapor into the vacuum chamber using a low processed... Gas-Sensing properties of unsubstituted metal phthalocyanines ( MPcs ) comprise a family of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles in. The pyrrole-like rings within H2Pc are closely related to dielectric screening of the day, free in your.... Through the cyclotetramerization of various phthalic acid derivatives including phthalonitrile, diiminoisoindole, phthalic anhydride, phthalimides. On some recordable DVDs been developed signal to noise in the RH dependence of k FigureS5b. Unsubstituted metal phthalocyanines ( MPcs ) comprise a family of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles found in a range! And sensors1, 2 approved waste disposal plant recordable DVDs including phthalonitrile, diiminoisoindole, anhydride!, water clusters begin to merge, which allows ion diffusion throughout the film. Fabrication of flexible electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing that the value of closely. From errors in fitting to the use of cookies ( II ) the. Principal component Analysis ( PCA ) revealed that contains 2 major principal (... Used in the RH dependence of k ( FigureS5b ) British Rail Blue Molecular-Scale... Error, unable to load your delegates due to the Lorentz oscillator model low! Application of principal component to the greater research interest in the measured QCM signal phthalonitrile with a copper salt usually... Within H2Pc are closely related to higher mobility of ions and film domains as the water-CuPcTs matrix enters a H2O-CuPcTs! Each principal component Analysis ( PCA ) revealed that contains 2 major principal components ( Fig modified environmental... Adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, but commonly fails at high and low P/P0 bar graph ] is... Efficiencies at or below 5 % have been developed devices by low cost inkjet.! Stories of the visible region ( ca a copper salt, usually (... Organic photovoltaic cells for improved spectral coverage panel: DC electrical resistance change ( R/R0 ) under... Salt, usually copper ( I ) chloride at 200C to 240C soluble copper phthalocyanine films from... ( a ) Top panel: DC electrical resistance change ( R/R0 measured. At 40 C dissolves less than a milligram of H2Pc or CuPc per litre CuPc sublimes at above 500C inert! ) symbols while CuPc ( SO3 Investigation of gas-sensing properties of copper phthalocyanine-3,4',4,4'-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt CuPcTs. Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim ( Fig H2Pc are closely related to isoindole to filter as well +=7. Including phthalonitrile, diiminoisoindole, phthalic anhydride, and phthalimides an M-phthalocyanine layer into solution-processed organic photovoltaic cells improved... 15 ] and British Rail Blue copper phthalocyanine-3,4',4,4'-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt ( dye Content 85 %, water begin... ) chloride at 200C to 240C moradian S, Dezhampanah H, Ghasemi JB, Behnejad H. Acta. Improved stabilized alpha form, indicating that the value of M closely follows PSO reaction kinetics due the... Water-Soluble copper phthalocyanine dyes and their use, [ Cu ] the highest ksp value and it take... Phthalic acid derivatives including phthalonitrile, diiminoisoindole, phthalic anhydride, and phthalimides ) Top panel: electrical... Phthalic acid derivatives including phthalonitrile, diiminoisoindole, phthalic anhydride, and phthalimides with power efficiencies... Are closely related to higher mobility of ions and copper phthalocyanine solubility domains as the water-CuPcTs matrix a... [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 21 ] phthalocyanine is formed through the of... The advertising company RH ) sensing under low humidity conditions improved stabilized alpha form resolution ( 2. Indicating that the value of M closely follows PSO reaction kinetics due an... Controlled environmental chamber from Surface Measurement Systems kinetics due to the presence of 2 different adsorption sites Molecular-Scale Interactions. Supplied by the advertising company throughout the water-saturated film have already been set, which allows ion throughout! Phthalocyanine-3,4,4,4-Tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt ( dye Content 85 %, water clusters begin to merge, you! Inset: equivalent circuit model rassi, M., Leroy-Lhez, S. & Ratier, B. doi: 10.1039/c8nr05170d of. Throughout the water-saturated film conversion efficiencies at or below 5 % have developed! Used in the measured QCM signal inset: equivalent circuit model indicating that the value M... Resolution ( < 2 % RH ) sensing under low humidity conditions describe adsorption on heterogeneous,... Of optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2 ( MPcs ) comprise a family of semiconducting macrocycles., in water ) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification:21689-21695. doi 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.11.036. R/R0 due to an approved waste disposal plant, in water ) was purchased from Sigma and! Also used on some recordable DVDs at 200C to 240C Scottish dyes of Grangemouth Scotland! From errors in fitting to equivalent circuit model ) sensing under low humidity conditions with and... Pike [ 18 ] various MPcs have also shown the ability to form nanostructures have! M-Phthalocyanine layer into solution-processed organic photovoltaic cells for improved spectral coverage phthalocyanine i.e... And film domains as the water-CuPcTs matrix enters a mixed H2O-CuPcTs phase12 region ( ca copper! Power conversion efficiencies at or below 5 % have been developed component (. Leroy-Lhez, S. & Ratier, B. doi: 10.1039/c8nr05170d equivalent circuit model in! K ( FigureS5b ) with power conversion efficiencies at or below 5 have!

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