This course provides an understanding of industrial high and low voltage power systems including safe operation on a wide range of power equipment. Copyright 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. By Automotive 7, no. while Thomas Edison would be totally familiar with the modern electrical grid [2]. In many complex networks, the human participants themselves are both the most susceptible to failure and the most adaptable in the management of recovery. Locally-generated electrical energy, such as that from photovoltaic systems, needs to be stored during accumulation cycles for use during peak demand cycles. (function () { if ('event' === arguments[1]) { Furthermore, since it will be impossible to protect against all threats, smart meters must be able to detect even the most subtle unauthorized changes and precursors to tampering or intrusion. Local power generation systems, such as photovoltaic systems, generators, fuel-cell systems, and the like, for which the smart grid will permit the sale of power back to the utility, involve the following safety concerns: The frequency of the locally-generated power has to be synchronized with that of the main grid. return; The total cost of a stronger transmission system would be about US$82 billion over the next decade. var exactmetrics_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"zip,mp3,mpeg,pdf,docx,pptx,xlsx,rar","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/magazine.ieee-pes.org","hash_tracking":"false","ua":"UA-3983727-10","v4_id":""};/* ]]> */ Despite the increase in the utilization of AMI, there has been very little assessment or R&D effort to identify the security needs for such systems. Power Delivery, vol. The environmental benefits that smart grid technology can deliver are collectively demanded by most of Earths inhabitants at this time, and the decrease in dependence on fossil fuels and other nonrenewable power sources is also sought through this new technology. Colombia, for example, has faced up to 200 terrorist attacks per year on its transmission infrastructure over the last 11 years, as reported in a recent IEEE Power & Energy Magazine article by Corredor and Ruiz. Next Step: After completing this course, consider taking other courses in the Power Systems Engineering certificate program to continue learning. Design Features. These ESSs can be used for any power ow system in a variety of ways, such as providing services for renewable power smoothing, peak demand shaving, frequency regulation, etc. Credit:3.00 unit(s)Related Certificate Programs:Power Systems Engineering. var arg, hit = {}; Moreover, cyber, communication, and control layers add new benefits only if they are designed correctly and securely. Connect the power system to 220v mains power using the supplied cord. To operate the electric systems in safe mode, the power system component should be equipped with intelligent controllers. 2022 Same Page Publishing. The digitization of such systems may enable remote attacks to grow rapidly, potentially spanning countries or even continents. function __gtagTrackerOptout() { .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} As plug-in electric vehicles replace gasoline-only burning vehicles on the market, parking lots will need to be equipped with outdoor charging stations. 4, pp. Wide output frequency range - two ranges available from . This article provides a brief overview of smart-grid technology, and then explores the safety considerations that should be addressed in the design of smart grid technology equipment, particularly in low-voltage AC power applications operating below 1000 V AC. In addition to the above, further research and development needs include the following areas: Cyberconnectivity has increased the complexity of the control systems and facilities it is intended to safely and reliably control. Nevertheless, the goal of transforming the current infrastructures into self-healing energy delivery, computer, and communications networks with unprecedented robustness, reliability, efficiency, and quality for customers and our society is ambitious. Due to the increasingly sophisticated nature and speed of malicious code, intrusions, and DoS attacks, human responses may be inadequate.Figure 4 shows the evolution of cyberthreats over the last two decades and the types of responses that can be used to combat them effectively. Their latest technology also allows for remote maintenance of the system, eliminating the need for costly and time-consuming on-site servicing. Within the context of smart grids, there are different kinds of supporting technologies, such as smart meters that can help monitor energy consumption and promote more effective distribution.[1]. The benefits associated with the Smart Grid include: Quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances. Our smart power system provider of choice. It exponentially increases the cost and difficulty of compromising a system by creating a much stronger defense than the use of any individual component alone, thus reducing the likelihood of an attack. Mr. Gies has become a leading subject matter expert for his company in the field of global product safety compliance, working primarily with Alcatel-Lucents wireless base station equipment. if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { var len = arguments.length; } The truth is that, as a nation, we must and absolutely can meet the power needs of a pervasively digital society if the United States wishes to maintain its role as a global economic and political leader. Research findings suggest that human and organizational factors do affect computer and information security performance in a multilayered fashion. And they must also be robust as they will be deployed in very insecure locations. hitObject = { Human System Interactions, Catania, Italy, 2009, pp. Investment in a smart grid would nearly pay for itself by reducing stupendous outage costs, a savings of US$49 billion per year, and improving energy efficiency, a savings of US$20.4 billion per year. In order to defend electric infrastructure against the impacts of cyber and physical attacks, significant challenges must therefore be overcome before extensive deployment and implementation of smart grid technologies can begin. Much work remains to be done, however, to create standards that, when implemented, will adequately protect the grid from cyberattacks. Protecting all these diverse and widely dispersed assets is impractical. DDoS attacks utilize networks of infected computerswhose owners often do not even know that they have been infectedto overwhelm target networks with millions of fake requests for information over the Internet. if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { As a result, several key privacy concerns need to be addressed, including those outlined by the Cyber Security Working Group of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). } The main function of a smart grid is to manage power consumption in optimal ways, providing the network with more flexibility in case of emergencies. Thus it is probable that a well-organized, determined group of terrorists could take out portions of the grid as they have previously done in the United States, Colombia, and other locations around the globe. This system, illustrated in Figure 5 and described in the following section, allows companies to capitalize on rapid-fire strategic challenges and retain their stability [1]." The Solution: SAFe Offers a Dual Operating System. 1/10/2023 - 3/11/2023extensioncanvas.ucsd.eduYou will have access to your course materials on the published start date OR 1 business day after your enrollment is confirmed if you enroll on or after the published start date. Home About Us Contact The Handbook of Research on Smart Power System Operation and Control is a collection of innovative research on the theoretical and practical developments in smart power system operation and control that takes into account both smart grid and micro-grid systems. hitObject = arguments[1]; In the electric power industry and other critical infrastructures, new ways are being sought to improve network efficiency by eliminating congestion problems without seriously diminishing reliability and security. An audit of 30 utility companies that received the alert showed that only seven were in full compliance, although all of the audited companies had taken some precautions. This is the reality that needs to be addressed. Prerequisite: A BS in Electrical Engineering or equivalent knowledge and experience. The smart grid would also manage the connection of millions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into the power system. Electrical power systems are found in nearly every building type, including residential, commercial, industrial, water, wastewater, chemical, oil/gas and military installations. The trend of connecting electrical control systems to the Internet exposes all layers of a system to possible attack. 'ga-disable-UA-3983727-10', In order to protect electric infrastructure from the threats outlined above, several layers of security are needed to minimize disruptions to system operations. While all electrical systems share the same basic . [3]. You can also use the thermostat's app to control the temperature. Data stored at the meter and transmitted over communication networks must also meet standard cybersecurity requirements, including confidentiality, integrity, availability, and nonrepudiation. Energy Security, June 2009. This challenge is further complicated by the fact that the North American electric power grid may be considered as the largest and most complex machine in the world: its transmission lines connect all the electric generation and distribution on the continent. In order to defend against the vulnerabilities described above, several security features need to be incorporated into the development of AMI, along with new privacy laws to protect consumers. Power industry experts look to the smart grid in much the same manner as computer and telecommunications experts looked at the advent of the internet, or information superhighway less than a generation ago. :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;} 3038, Jul./Aug. Still, Mr. Edison would be just as astonished as Mr. Graham Bell with the present power grid technology as it is today. For example, if we have a smart meter with integral information technology and telecommunication interfaces, you could use the international or locally-adopted safety standard for power meters, then use IEC 62368-1 to evaluate the type of personnel that would require access to the smart meter (skilled, instructed, or ordinary), [3] and then determine the level of safeguarding necessary in such areas as isolation from the power equipment, isolation from the telecommunication equipment, construction of the enclosure as a safeguard against accessibility to shock and containment of fire, and so forth. It is even more complex and difficult to control it for optimal efficiency and maximum benefit to the ultimate consumers while still allowing all its business components to compete fairly and freely. IEC 62368-1 is the new hazard-based safety engineering standard covering audio/video, information and communication technology equipment. An additional defense mechanism is the use of deception. function mapArgs(args) { Smart power systems improve the security of equipment, protected assets and people. Participants will examine the practical aspects of the technologies, design and implementation, smart grid applications and sensing; demand side management, smart grid economics, microgrids and distributed energy resources, and fault location and service restoration (FLSIR). As such, a good approach to the safety evaluation of this merged technology is to take a modular approach, and evaluate the merged technologies for safety as components. Smart GridSafe, Secure, Self-Healing | IEEE Power & Energy Magazine safe operation of a smart power system. Ultraflex SmartPower Compac Systems are a breakthrough innovation in induction heating technology, featuring the Direct Digital Step control algorithm and a unique configurable modular approach. Press and hold the power button for 3 seconds. 24, no. In 1990, the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) issued a detailed report, Physical Vulnerability of the Electric System to Natural Disasters and Sabotage. Plugs into a standard wall socket. Abi-Samra has acquired a diverse background in power systems holding high-level positions at various companies including: Senior Vice President - DNV GL (Kema) Vice President - Quanta Technology Senior Manager - Smart Grid Services Senior Technical Executive - Accenture Senior Technical Director - EPRI Manager/Fellow - Westinghouse Electric Corporation Adjunct Professor - Carnegie-Mellon University Abi-Samra's industry honors include: Read More. 2004. A pay-for-use charging station might involve the following technologies: Higher Overvoltage Category for Information Technology in Charging Station. } __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); 'timingCategory': 'event_category', OPERATION Ensure batteries are installed (refer to battery wiring section). window[disableStrs[index]] = true; From a strategic viewpoint, long-term developments and research issues relating to the defense of cyber and physical interdependent infrastructure networks must also be considered. 1) Non-malicious attackers who view the security and operation of the system as a puzzle to be cracked. sensing, communication, data management, and mathematical and theoretical foundations to support a better, faster, and higher-confidence understanding of what is going on, leading to improved state and topology estimation and fast look-ahead simulation. Residual C urrent E lectrical F ire M onitoring D etector. Facilities that rely on access control, CCTV surveillance, and other security systems often overlook a piece of their system that can shut down the entire system if it isnt properly maintained: battery backup. Regarding recent cyberthreat reports, it is fundamental to separate the hype from the truth. We would not expect any commercial or government establishments to give away free electricity, so we should expect to see the rise of pay-for-use charging stations, integrating technologies such as electrical metering, switching, information technology, telecommunications, and currency-handling technology. In addition, examples of some likely smart-grid applications and the safety considerations that would need to be addressed are discussed. }; Choose Heat or Cool from the mode options. background: none !important; img.emoji { digital control of the energy infrastructure, integrated energy, information, and communications for the end user, transformation of the meter into a secure, two-way energy and information portal. IEC 60950-1, Edition 2.0, 2005-12, Information Technology Equipment Safety- Part 1: General Requirements, International Electrotechnical Commission. Featured articles are reserved for IEEE PES members. Standby power system codes and standards references. Data on terrorist attacks on the worlds electricity sector from 19942004 from the Oklahoma-based Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism show that transmission systems are by far the most common target in terms of the total number of physical attacks. It is not yet known what the smart-grid killer app is going to be, but like pre-season predictions of who is going to win the Super Bowl or the World Cup, some think that it is going to be plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and possibly full electric vehicles (EVs). 'eventCategory': arguments[2], Identity theft threat. This would mean that either IEC 60950-1 or IEC 62368-1 are used to evaluate the communications and information technology subsystems, and communication links would be classified TNV, limited-power circuits, or the like if metallic, and other non-metallic communication technologies such as optical or wireless would be evaluated accordingly. prolegomena sparknotes; benxi lake in liaoning province; safe operation of a smart power system; By ; April 2, 2022; cafe press promo code; } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { return; For example, Figure 3 shows the percentage of IT and security executives from critical infrastructure enterprises located in 14 countries around the world reporting large-scale distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and their frequency. . This strong interdependence means that an action in one part of an infrastructure network can rapidly create global effects by cascading throughout the same network and even into other networks. Electrical Engineering questions and answers Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Question: Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system This question hasn't been solved yet Ask an expert Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Expert Answer Previous question Next question COMPANY About Chegg Finally, no matter how many layers of security or how much sophistication is used in defense mechanisms, it is essential that the industry hire qualified people. NFPA 110: Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems NFPA 101: Life Safety Code NFPA 70: National Electrical Code, Article 517: Health Care Facilities, Article 700: Emergency Systems, Article 701: Legally Required Standby Systems, Article 702: Optional Standby Systems, and Article 708: Critical Operations Power Systems __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); Fast switchover. S. M. Amin, Balancing market priorities with security issues: Interconnected system operations and control under the restructured electricity enterprise, IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. As an increasing amount of electricity is generated from distributed renewable sources, the problem will only be exacerbated; the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has concluded that generating 20% of all electricity with land-based wind installations will require at least 20,000 square miles. function __gtagDataLayer() { Moreover, the number of threats against computer systems is rapidly increasing due to the increased availability of highly sophisticated hacker tools on the Internet and the decrease in technical knowledge required to use them to cause damage. Many older (and even some newer) systems do not have adequate battery backup, especially for auxiliary devices such as locks, relays, and strikes. p.send = function () { } Part of the problem is that the existing control systems, which were originally designed for use with proprietary, stand-alone communication networks, were later connected to the Internet (because of its productivity advantages and lower costs) but without adding the technology needed to make them secure. A successful terrorist attempt to disrupt the power delivery system could have adverse effects on national security, the economy, and the lives of every citizen. Because Power System Operation, by Robert Miller and James Malinowski, presents more of the fundamental principles and methods dispatchers and operators need in a clear, easy-to-understand style. Associate Professor, Stanford University - Cited by 9,074 - Energy systems - smart grid - power systems - energy data analytics - smart transportation & sensor networks . Smart Substations: substations are included monitoring and control non-critical and critical operational data such as power status, power factor performance, breaker, security, transformer status, etc. One of the biggest frontiers in electrical engineering in this early part of the 21st century is the development and implementation of smart grid technology. There are no sections of this course currently scheduled. } catch (ex) { This file is auto-generated */ Sign up to hear about In the New York City blackout of 1977, for example, damage from looting and arson alone totaled about US$155 millionroughly half of its total cost. } The secure and efficient power system operation relays on the data assessment and state estimation. substations are used to transform voltage at several times in many locations, that providing safe and reliable delivery of energy. Safety of smart Grid Data Security: . 'timingValue': 'value', But these systems are also used by people who live near the grid and wish to obtain independence from the power provider or demonstrate a commitment to non . Safety is a critical priority in NASA's use of RPS, and is integrated into every phase of the design, test, manufacture, and operation of space nuclear systems. Just as you protect your computer from malware and viruses, we highly recommend taking the same measures to protect your security system from a dire fate. For the near term, we would expect to use IEC 60950-1 to evaluate smart grid equipment with communication and information technology circuitry for safety, as well as the required protection and separation from other circuits that they require.

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