Car bomb attack on French Embassy in Beirut killing 12 and wounding 27. He was arrested by the Egyptian government for his involvement in the assassination of President Anwar Sadat in 1981 and executed on April 15, 1982. 
Because of lunar observation and differences in time zones, the observance of Islamic holidays and calendar dates may vary from region to region. The Looming Tower. Web. 3 Oct. 2015. Baer claims the order for 1983 US embassy bombing is widely believed to have originated high up in the Iranian Islamic Republic's hierarchy. The Bureau of Counterterrorism in the State Department (CT) continually monitors the activities of terrorist groups active around the world to identify potential targets for designation. Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. [24] 18 April 1983. 2339A(b)(2) provides that for these purposes the term training means instruction or teaching designed to impart a specific skill, as opposed to general knowledge. 18 U.S.C. The Looming Tower. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly.
Taiwan has the potential to be a flash point in U.S.-China relations. October 6, 1981: An EIJ member, Khaled al-Islambouli, opened fire on Sadats box while he reviewed a military parade in Cairo, killing the president and 11 others. Last modified October 2015. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/egyptian-islamic-jihad, Ideology, Aims, Political Activities, Targets, and Tactics. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [6] After merging the EIJ into AQ in 1998, Zawahiri became bin Ladens second in command, and is often considered to be the operational mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. WebIslamic Jihad Organization (IJO) Leaders: Imad Mughniyeh: Dates of operation: early 19831992: Headquarters: Beirut, Baalbek: Size: 400 fighters: Allies: Iranian Revolutionary Guards Hezbollah Amal Movement Islamic Dawa Party: Opponents: Israel Defense Forces Among his destinations were Iran, Lebanon, and California. (The term material support or resources is defined in 18 U.S.C. 2006. pg. The EIJ originated in Egypt as a splinter group of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. [13] Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. 
Sharifs writings drew a lengthy rebuttal from Zawahiri. Web. [13] The two developed a close personal and professional relationship, and overtime, many EIJ members became bin Ladens primary advisors and confidantes. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Stanford University. 30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. An August 1987 shooting killed the commander of the Israeli military police in the Gaza Strip; A December 1993 shooting killed Israeli reservist David Mashrati aboard a bus; An April 1994 car bomb killed nine people and injured fifty aboard a public bus; A January 1995 a suicide bomb killed eighteen soldiers and one civilian near Netanya; A March 1996 suicide bomb at a Tel Aviv shopping mall killed thirteen and injured seventy five more; A June 2001 suicide bomb killed twenty-one people in a Tel Aviv nightclub; A June 2002 suicide attack at the Meggido Junction killed eighteen and injured fifty; An October 2003 suicide bomb at a Haifa restaurant killed twenty-two and injured sixty; An October 2005 bomb at a Hadera market killed five people; An April 2006 suicide attack in Tel Aviv killed eleven; A January 2007 suicide attack at an Eliat bakery killed three.
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by Lindsay Maizland 20 August 2015.
30 Sept. 2015. More recently authors such as researcher Robert A. Pape[22] and journalist Lawrence Wright[23] have made no mention of Islamic Jihad and simply name Hezbollah as the author of Lebanese terror attacks claimed or attributed to Islamic Jihad. Web. Thanks to the outstanding work of the FBI and NYPD, the allegedly destructive designs of these two Hizballah operatives have been thwarted, and they will now face justice in a Manhattan federal court., Assistant Director in Charge Sweeney Jr. said: The charges announced today reveal once again that the New York City region remains a focus of many adversaries, demonstrated as alleged in this instance by followers of a sophisticated and determined organization with a long history of coordinating violent activities on behalf of Hizballah. Later it broadened its aims to include attacking American Under the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA), however, the redesignation requirement was replaced by certain review and revocation procedures. March 30, 2023, Blog Post 10 Oct. 2015. [17] Throughout the first half of the 1990s, the EIJ was also often at odds with al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (GI/GAI) in Egypt, although there is no evidence the groups ever actively fought one another. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S.
At this time, the Sudanese government also began to pressure bin Laden to leave the country, which he appears to have done in May 1996. [7] Among those arrested and jailed were many of the EIJs future leaders, including Aymenn al-Zawahiri, Abbud al-Zumar, and Sayyed Imam al-Sharif. Web. 20 August 2015. 1182 (a)(3)(B)(i)(IV)-(V), 1227 (a)(1)(A)). 20 August 2015. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. WebThe Palestinian Islamic Jihad is an Iranian-inspired Islamic militant group that aims to derail the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and eliminate Israel from the region. In addition, the Secretary of State may at any time revoke a designation upon a finding that the circumstances forming the basis for the designation have changed in such a manner as to warrant revocation, or that the national security of the United States warrants a revocation. [21], After being expelled from Sudan in 1996, bin Laden and Zawahiri travelled back to Afghanistan. [3] Fletcher, Molly. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. [9] While in Afghanistan, EIJ members actively fought alongside Mujahedeen against the Soviet Union in the Soviet-Afghan War, which served to hone the groups fighting skills and develop its strategic planning capabilities. There are no recorded name changes for this group. Annual Lecture on China. Omar Ahmed Abdul Rahman (Unknown-1993): Rahman was believed to be the spiritual leader of the EIJ. Web. [2] By the early 1990s, the EIJ had come to rely heavily on funding from Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda. 20 August 2015. [2] Orr, Tamra. WebRegardless of how and when the current round of fighting ends, its clear that the Iranian-backed Islamic Jihad organization has managed to reassert its status as the second Web. "[12] Wright is more circumspect, saying: "Islamic Jihad was clearly pro-Iranian in ideology, but some doubts existed among both Muslim moderates and Western diplomats about whether it was actually directed by Iran rather than home-grown."[9]. Web. Designated as a U.S. State Department terrorist organization in 1997, the PIJ targets Israeli civilian and military personnel in its commitment to the creation of an Islamic regime in all of historic Palestine, according to the State Departments 2006 Country Report on terrorism. Web. Web. Web. 30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. Differences over Taiwans status have fueled rising tensions between the island and the mainland. Rather than significantly weakening al-Qaeda, however, these realities prompted a structural evolution and the growth of franchising. Increasingly, attacks were orchestrated not only from above by the centralized leadership (after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, based in the Afghan-Pakistani border regions) but also by the localized, relatively autonomous cells it encouraged. Kourani and certain of his relatives were present during the summer 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah in Lebanon, when a residence belonging to his family was destroyed. If no such review has been conducted during a 5 year period with respect to a designation, then the Secretary of State is required to review the designation to determine whether revocation would be appropriate. El Debek was presented on June 5, before Magistrate Judge Henry Pitman in Manhattan federal court. 26 Aug. 2014; Gebara, Khalil. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. While in Lebanon, the PIJ leadership cultivated a relationship with Hezbollah and received training from the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. Islamic Jihad has carried out scores of deadly attacks over the years and Israel and other countries consider it a terrorist organization. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. El Debek has told the FBI that he was detained by Hizballah from December 2015 to April 2016 and falsely accused of spying for the U.S. [23] Mabruks capture was devastating for the EIJ because while the EIJ was organized in a cell structure, designed to prevent one member from being able to identify the rest of the membership if captured, Mabruk as the membership director had a computer containing the name and addresses of all EIJ members. It also draws new attention to how such arms are deployed in NATO states. Similarly, to most Islamist groups in the region, the EIJ was firmly committed to the violent obliteration of the state of Israel. The PIJ remained in Gaza until 1987, when the group was exiled to Lebanon. Web. WebThe Islamic Jihad Union (IJU; Arabic language: Ittiad al-Islm al-Jihad), initially known as Islamic Jihad Group (IJG), is a militant Islamist organization that has conducted attacks in Uzbekistan and attempted attacks in Germany. Thousands of militants were killed or captured, among them several key members (including the militant who allegedly planned and organized the September 11 attacks), and the remainder and their leaders were driven into hiding. [2], Abbud al-Zumar (April 1982-1991): Zumar succeeded Farraj as the leader of the EIJ after Farrajs execution in April 1982. These claims have yet to be substantiated.[27]. [10] Gebara, Khalil. [3] Farraj was originally a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, but split from the organization to form the EIJ following the Muslim Brotherhoods renunciation of violence in the late 1970s. Which is where Hezbollahs external operations apparatus, the Islamic Jihad Organization or Unit 910, comes into play. What is known is that Zawahiri traveled extensively throughout both the Arab World and the West on fundraising trips for the group. Under Sharifs leadership, the group grew more extreme, and began emphasizing the concept of takfir, the belief that all those who are not Sunni Muslims are infidels. Under their harsh rule, they have cracked down on womens rights and neglected basic services. The Sudanese government quickly discovered what had happened and handed over the boys to the EIJ on the condition that the boys would not be harmed. whose name was `used by those involved to disguise their true identity.`[15][16][17][18][19], Former CIA operative and author Robert Baer describes it as the cover name used by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran). Hamas, a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization with de facto control of Gaza, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), and other extremist groups disseminated anti-Semitic materials and advocated violence through traditional and social media channels as well as during rallies and other events. 122; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. Deters donations or contributions to and economic transactions with named organizations. [11] At this time the EIJ is thought to have been at least operationally led by Sharif, although it also retained nominal ties to al-Zumar, who remained imprisoned in Egypt. [5] As the EIJs funding sources in Egypt began to dry up, the group became increasingly reliant on bin Laden for funding and resources. This fiasco, coupled by the pressure resulting from tighter security measures and joint anti-militia sweeps implemented by the Syrian Army, the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF) and the Amal Movement at the Shia quarters of West Beirut in 198788, brought a steady decline in the organization's activities in Lebanon for the rest of the civil war. Web. Heightens public awareness and knowledge of terrorist organizations. [6] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. Web. The IJO suffered a setback in 1986 when their temporary abduction of four Soviet diplomats carried out previously in September 1985 ended up in the assassination of one hostage. Global Health Program, Putin-Xi Summit Reinforces Anti-U.S. Partnership, In Brief The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) is an extremist organization that formed in the late 1990s and is currently based in Pakistans Federally Administered Tribal Areas. 30 Sept. 2015. Although the Egyptian government has claimed that the Iranian government funded and otherwise supported the EIJ, there is no evidence to prove this connection. IMU has made public claims in support of ISIL, potentially fracturing their longstanding ties with the Afghan Taliban. [8] Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. The last recorded attack claimed by the IJO as an independent group took place outside the Middle East in March 1992, when the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was blown up in retaliation for the death of Hezbollah's secretary-general Abbas al-Musawi. However, it is clear that by 1991, Zawahiri had assumed official control of the EIJ.
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